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Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1

Foley, R. J., Andersson, K., Bazin, G., de Haan, T., Ruel, J., Ade, Peter A. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5127-0401, Aird, K. A., Armstrong, R., Ashby, M. L. N., Bautz, M., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bonamente, M., Brodwin, M., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Clocchiatti, A., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Desai, S., Dobbs, M. A., Dudley, J. P., Fazio, G. G., Forman, W. R., Garmire, G., George, E. M., Gladders, M. D., Gonzalez, A. H., Halverson, N. W., High, F. W., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hoover, S., Hrubes, J. D., Jones, C., Joy, M., Keisler, R., Knox, L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Luong-Van, D., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mohr, J. J., Montroy, T. E., Murray, S. S., Padin, S., Plagge, T., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Rest, A., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Saro, A., Schaffer, K. K., Shaw, L., Shirokoff, E., Song, J., Spieler, H. G., Stalder, B., Stanford, S. A., Staniszewski, Z., Stark, A. A., Story, K., Stubbs, C. W., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Vikhlinin, A., Williamson, R. and Zenteno, A. 2011. Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1. Astrophysical Journal 731 (2) , pp. 86-95. 10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86

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Abstract

Using the South Pole Telescope (SPT), we have discovered the most massive known galaxy cluster at z>1, SPT-CL J2106-5844. In addition to producing a strong Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect signal, this system is a luminous X-ray source and its numerous constituent galaxies display spatial and color clustering, all indicating the presence of a massive galaxy cluster. Very Large Telescope and Magellan spectroscopy of 18 member galaxies shows that the cluster is at z = 1.132(+0.002) (–0.003.) Chandra observations obtained through a combined HRC-ACIS GTO program reveal an X-ray spectrum with an Fe K line redshifted by z = 1.18 ± 0.03. These redshifts are consistent with the galaxy colors found in optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared imaging. SPT-CL J2106-5844 displays extreme X-ray properties for a cluster having a core-excluded temperature of T(X) = 11.0(+2.6) (–1.9) keV and a luminosity (within r (500)) of L(X) (0.5-2.0 keV) = (13.9 ± 1.0) × 10(44) erg s(–1). The combined mass estimate from measurements of the SZ effect and X-ray data is M (200) = (1.27 ± 0.21) × 10(15) h (–1) (70) M ☉. The discovery of such a massive gravitationally collapsed system at high redshift provides an interesting laboratory for galaxy formation and evolution, and is a probe of extreme perturbations of the primordial matter density field. We discuss the latter, determining that, under the assumption of ΛCDM cosmology with only Gaussian perturbations, there is only a 7% chance of finding a galaxy cluster similar to SPT-CL J2106-5844 in the 2500 deg(2) SPT survey region and that only one such galaxy cluster is expected in the entire sky.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Physics and Astronomy
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Uncontrolled Keywords: early universe; galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2106-5844); galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; large-scale structure of universe
Publisher: IOPScience
ISSN: 0004-637X
Last Modified: 20 Oct 2022 09:52
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/33412

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