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Inter-host transmission of carbapenemase-producing escherichia coli among humans and backyard animals

Li, Jiyun, Bi, Zhenwang, Ma, Shizhen, Chen, Baoli, Cai, Chang, He, Junjia, Schwarz, Stefan, Sun, Chengtao, Zhou, Yuqing, Yin, Jia, Hulth, Anette, Wang, Yongqiang, Shen, Zhangqi, Wang, Shaolin, Wu, Congming, Nilsson, Lennart E., Walsh, Timothy R ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-4096, Börjesson, Stefan, Shen, Jianzhong, Sun, Qiang and Wang, Yang 2019. Inter-host transmission of carbapenemase-producing escherichia coli among humans and backyard animals. Environmental Health Perspectives 127 (10) , 107009. 10.1289/EHP5251

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Abstract

Background: The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied. Objectives: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and drivers of CRE transmission between humans and their backyard animals in rural China. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive sampling strategy in 12 villages in Shandong, China. Using the household [residents and their backyard animals (farm and companion animals)] as a single surveillance unit, we assessed the prevalence of CRE at the household level and examined the factors associated with CRE carriage through a detailed questionnaire. Genetic relationships among human- and animal-derived CRE were assessed using whole-genome sequencing–based molecular methods. Results: A total of 88 New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases metallo-β-lactamases –type carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (NDM-EC), including 17 from humans, 44 from pigs, 12 from chickens, 1 from cattle, and 2 from dogs, were isolated from 65 of the 746 households examined. The remaining 12 NDM-EC were from flies in the immediate backyard environment. The NDM-EC colonization in households was significantly associated with a) the number of species of backyard animals raised/kept in the same household, and b) the use of human and/or animal feces as fertilizer. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that a large proportion of the core genomes of the NDM-EC belonged to strains from hosts other than their own, and several human isolates shared closely related core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and bl a NDM blaNDM genetic contexts with isolates from backyard animals. Conclusions: To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of direct transmission of NDM-EC between humans and animals. Given the rise of NDM-EC in community and hospital infections, combating NDM-EC transmission in backyard farm systems is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Medicine
Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
ISSN: 0091-6765
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 6 November 2019
Date of Acceptance: 1 October 2019
Last Modified: 04 May 2023 22:10
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/126622

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