The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy (−71.0 ◦ < ` < 67.0◦)

Elia, D., Molinari, S., Schisano, E., Pestalozzi, M., Pezzuto, S., Merello, M., Noriega-Crespo, A., Moore, T. J. T., Russeil, D., Mottram, J. C., Paladini, R., Strafella, F., Benedettini, M., Bernard, J. P., Di Giorgio, A., Eden, D. J., Fukui, Y., Plume, R., Bally, J., Martin, P. G., Ragan, Sarah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-5588, Jaffa, Sarah ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-6345, Motte, F., Olmi, L., Schneider, N., Testi, L., Wyrowski, F., Zavagno, A., Calzoletti, L., Faustini, F., Natoli, P., Palmerim, P., Piacentini, F., Piazzo, L., Pilbratt, G. L., Polychroni, D., Baldeschi, A., Beltran, M. T., Billot, N., Cambresy, L., Cesaroni, R., Garcia-Lario, P., Hoare, M. G., Huang, M., Joncas, G., Liu, S. J., Maiolo, B. M. T., Marsh, K. A., Maruccia, Y., Mege, P., Peretto, Nicolas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6893-602X, Rygl, K. L. J., Schilke, P., Thompson, M. A., Traficante, A., Umana, G., Veneziani, M., Ward-Thompson, D. and Whitworth, Anthony Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-5486 2017. The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue. I. The physical properties of the clumps in the inner Galaxy (−71.0 ◦ < ` < 67.0◦). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 471 (1) , pp. 100-143. 10.1093/mnras/stx1357

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Abstract

Hi-GAL (Herschel InfraRed Galactic Plane Survey) is a large-scale survey of the Galactic plane, performed with Herschel in five infrared continuum bands between 70 and 500 μm. We present a band-merged catalogue of spatially matched sources and their properties derived from fits to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and heliocentric distances, based on the photometric catalogues presented in Molinari et al., covering the portion of Galactic plane −71∘.0 < ℓ < 67∘.0. The band-merged catalogue contains 100 922 sources with a regular SED, 24 584 of which show a 70-μm counterpart and are thus considered protostellar, while the remainder are considered starless. Thanks to this huge number of sources, we are able to carry out a preliminary analysis of early stages of star formation, identifying the conditions that characterize different evolutionary phases on a statistically significant basis. We calculate surface densities to investigate the gravitational stability of clumps and their potential to form massive stars. We also explore evolutionary status metrics such as the dust temperature, luminosity and bolometric temperature, finding that these are higher in protostellar sources compared to pre-stellar ones. The surface density of sources follows an increasing trend as they evolve from pre-stellar to protostellar, but then it is found to decrease again in the majority of the most evolved clumps. Finally, we study the physical parameters of sources with respect to Galactic longitude and the association with spiral arms, finding only minor or no differences between the average evolutionary status of sources in the fourth and first Galactic quadrants, or between ‘on-arm’ and ‘interarm’ positions.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Physics and Astronomy
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Stars: formation, ISM: clouds, ISM: dust, Galaxy: local interstellar matter, Infrared: ISM, Submillimeter: ISM
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0035-8711
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	22 June 2017
Date of Acceptance:	31 May 2017
Last Modified:	05 May 2023 16:48
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/101572

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