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Enterococcus faecalis demonstrates pathogenicity through increased attachment in an ex vivo polymicrobial pulpal infection

Nishio Ayre, Wayne

, Melling, Genevieve

, Cuveillier, Camille, Natarajan, Madhan, Roberts, Jessica L., Marsh, Lucy L., Lynch, Christopher D., Maillard, Jean-Yves

, Denyer, Stephen P. and Sloan, Alastair J.

2018. Enterococcus faecalis demonstrates pathogenicity through increased attachment in an ex vivo polymicrobial pulpal infection. Infection and Immunity 86 (5) , e00871-17. 10.1128/IAI.00871-17

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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00871-17

Abstract

This study investigated the host response to a polymicrobial pulpal infection consisting of Streptococcus anginosus and Enterococcus faecalis, bacteria commonly implicated in dental abscesses and endodontic failure, using a validated ex vivo rat tooth model. Tooth slices were inoculated with planktonic cultures of S. anginosus or E. faecalis alone or in co-culture at ratios of 50:50 and 90:10 S. anginosus to E. faecalis. Attachment was semi-quantified by measuring area covered by fluorescently labelled bacteria. Host response was established by viable histological cell counts and inflammatory response using RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. A significant reduction in cell viability was observed for single and polymicrobial infections, with no significant differences between infection types (≈2000cells/mm2 for infected pulps compared to ≈4000cells/mm2 for uninfected pulps). E. faecalis demonstrated significantly higher levels of attachment (6.5%) compared to S. anginosus alone (2.3%) and mixed species infections (3.4% for 50:50 and 2.3% for 90:10), with a remarkable affinity to the pulpal vasculature. Infections with E. faecalis demonstrated the greatest increase in TNF-α (47.1 fold for E. faecalis, 14.6 fold for S. anginosus, 60.1 fold for 50:50 and 25.0 fold for 90:10) and IL-1β expression (54.8 fold for E. faecalis, 8.8 fold for S. anginosus, 54.5 fold for 50:50 and 39.9 fold for 90:10) when compared to uninfected samples. Immunohistochemistry confirmed this with the majority of inflammation localised to the pulpal vasculature and odontoblast regions. Interestingly, E. faecalis supernatant and heat killed E. faecalis treatment was unable to induce the same inflammatory response, suggesting E. faecalis pathogenicity in pulpitis is linked to its greater ability to attach to the pulpal vasculature.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy Dentistry
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology R Medicine > RK Dentistry
Publisher:	American Society for Microbiology
ISSN:	0019-9567
Funders:	Dunhill Medical Trust
Related URLs:	http://iai.asm.org/
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	22 February 2018
Date of Acceptance:	21 February 2018
Last Modified:	05 Nov 2024 19:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/109372