Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank

Gubb, Samuel, Brcic, Lucija, Underwood, Jack ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1731-6039, Kendall, Kimberley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-6121, Caseras, Xavier ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-6891, Kirov, George ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3427-3950 and Davies, William ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-2440 2020. Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank. Human Molecular Genetics 29 (17) , pp. 2872-2881. 10.1093/hmg/ddaa174

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Abstract

Deletions spanning the STS (steroid sulfatase) gene at Xp22.31 are associated with X-linked ichthyosis, corneal opacities, testicular maldescent, cardiac arrhythmia, and higher rates of developmental and mood disorders/traits, possibly related to the smaller volume of some basal ganglia structures. The consequences of duplication of the same genomic region have not been systematically assessed in large or adult samples, although evidence from case reports/series has indicated high rates of developmental phenotypes. We compared multiple measures of physical and mental health, cognition and neuroanatomy in male (n = 414) and female (n = 938) carriers of 0.8–2.5 Mb duplications spanning STS, and non-carrier male (n = 192, 826) and female (n = 227, 235) controls from the UK Biobank (recruited aged 40–69 from the UK general population). Clinical and self-reported diagnoses indicated a higher prevalence of inguinal hernia and mania/bipolar disorder respectively in male duplication carriers, and a higher prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and blistering/desquamating skin disorder respectively in female duplication carriers; duplication carriers also exhibited reductions in several depression-related measures, and greater happiness. Cognitive function and academic achievement did not differ between comparison groups. Neuroanatomical analysis suggested greater lateral ventricle and putamen volume in duplication carriers. In conclusion, Xp22.31 duplications appear largely benign, but could slightly increase the likelihood of specific phenotypes (although results were only nominally-significant). In contrast to deletions, duplications might protect against depressive symptoms, possibly via higher STS expression/activity (resulting in elevated endogenous free steroid levels), and through contributing towards an enlarged putamen volume. These results should enable better genetic counselling of individuals with Xp22.31 microduplications.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA) MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI) Psychology
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0964-6906
Funders:	Medical Research Council; Wellcome Trust; Health Education and Improvement Wales
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	29 July 2020
Date of Acceptance:	28 July 2020
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2024 16:10
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133852

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