Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators

Christie, William W. and Harwood, John L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-2612 2020. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators. Essays in Biochemistry 64 (3) , pp. 401-421. 10.1042/EBC20190082

Preview

PDF - Published Version Download (2MB) | Preview

Abstract

The chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and molecular biology of oxylipins (defined as a family of oxygenated natural products that are formed from unsaturated fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step of dioxygen-dependent oxidation) are complex and occasionally contradictory subjects that continue to develop at an extraordinarily rapid rate. The term includes docosanoids (e.g. protectins, resolvins and maresins, or specialized pro-resolving mediators), eicosanoids and octadecanoids and plant oxylipins, which are derived from either the omega-6 (n-6) or the omega-3 (n-3) families of polyunsaturated fatty acids. For example, the term eicosanoid is used to embrace those biologically active lipid mediators that are derived from C20 fatty acids, and include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and related oxygenated derivatives. The keyenzymesfortheproductionofprostanoidsareprostaglandinendoperoxideHsynthases (cyclo-oxygenases), while lipoxygenases and oxidases of the cytochrome P450 family produce numerous other metabolites. In plants, the lipoxygenase pathway from C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids yields a variety of important products, especially the jasmonates, which havesomecomparablestructuralfeaturesandfunctions.Relatedoxylipinsareproducedby non-enzymicmeans(isoprostanes),whilefattyacidestersofhydroxyfattyacids(FAHFA)are now being considered together with the oxylipins from a functional perspective. In all kingdoms of life, oxylipins usually act as lipid mediators through specific receptors, have short half-lives and have functions in innumerable biological contexts.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Publisher:	Portland Press
ISSN:	0071-1365
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 November 2020
Date of Acceptance:	22 June 2020
Last Modified:	05 May 2023 23:13
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/136083

Citation Data

Cited 60 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item