Nicotinamide provides neuroprotection in glaucoma by protecting against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction

Tribble, James R., Otmani, Amin, Sun, Shanshan, Ellis, Sevannah A., Cimaglia, Gloria, Vohra, Rupali, Jöe, Melissa, Lardner, Emma, Venkataraman, Abinaya P., Domínguez-Vicent, Alberto, Kokkali, Eirini, Rho, Seungsoo, Jóhannesson, Gauti, Burgess, Robert W., Fuerst, Peter G., Brautaset, Rune, Kolko, Miriam, Morgan, James E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-1065, Crowston, Jonathan G., Votruba, Marcela ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7680-9135 and Williams, Pete A. 2021. Nicotinamide provides neuroprotection in glaucoma by protecting against mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction. Redox Biology 43 , 101988. 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101988

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Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a REDOX cofactor and metabolite essential for neuronal survival. Glaucoma is a common neurodegenerative disease in which neuronal levels of NAD decline. We assess the effects of nicotinamide (a precursor to NAD) on retinal ganglion cells (the affected neuron in glaucoma) in normal physiological conditions and across a range of glaucoma relevant insults including mitochondrial stress and axon degenerative insults. We demonstrate retinal ganglion cell somal, axonal, and dendritic neuroprotection by nicotinamide in rodent models which represent isolated ocular hypertensive, axon degenerative, and mitochondrial degenerative insults. We performed metabolomics enriched for small molecular weight metabolites for the retina, optic nerve, and superior colliculus which demonstrates that ocular hypertension induces widespread metabolic disruption, including consistent changes to α-ketoglutaric acid, creatine/creatinine, homocysteine, and glycerophosphocholine. This metabolic disruption is prevented by nicotinamide. Nicotinamide provides further neuroprotective effects by increasing oxidative phosphorylation, buffering and preventing metabolic stress, and increasing mitochondrial size and motility whilst simultaneously dampening action potential firing frequency. These data support continued determination of the utility of long-term nicotinamide treatment as a neuroprotective therapy for human glaucoma.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Optometry and Vision Sciences Medicine
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	2213-2317
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	21 April 2021
Date of Acceptance:	21 April 2021
Last Modified:	22 May 2023 22:25
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/140605

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