Colon and rectum

Adams, Richard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-7243, Maughan, Timothy and Crosby, Tom 2009. Colon and rectum. Hanna, Louise, Crosby, Tom and Macbeth, Fergus, eds. Practical Clinical Oncology, Cambridge University Press, pp. 159-173. (10.1017/CBO9780511545375.014)

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in incidence in Europe only to lung cancer, and it causes around 204,000 deaths each year. The aetiology of CRC is still unclear, but the eight- to ten-fold higher incidence in the developed world compared to that in the developing world suggests environmental causes. Around 15 to 20% of CRCs are of familial origin.Screening is currently being adopted in the UK with the roll-out of a programme of faecal occult blood (FOB) testing, followed by colonoscopy if FOB testing is positive. Many other countries are also considering such a programme.Surgery is the only curative treatment and total mesorectal excision (TME) is now well established as the best way of managing rectal carcinoma. But the last 10 years have also seen a rapid increase in the use of preoperative radiotherapy, of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, and of new agents for advanced disease, with small but incremental improvements in outcome.Targeted therapy such as epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors have been tested in patients with advanced CRC, but the role of these therapies in routine management has not yet been established.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine Centre for Trials Research (CNTRR)
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISBN:	9780511545375
Last Modified:	09 Nov 2022 10:55
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/141122

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