Dominance, reward, and affiliation smiles modulate the meaning of uncooperative or untrustworthy behaviour

Rychlowska, Magdalena, van der Schalk, Job ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-4721, Niedenthal, Paula, Martin, Jared, Carpenter, Stephanie M. and Manstead, Antony S. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-2096 2021. Dominance, reward, and affiliation smiles modulate the meaning of uncooperative or untrustworthy behaviour. Cognition and Emotion 35 (7) , pp. 1281-1301. 10.1080/02699931.2021.1948391

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Abstract

We investigated the effects of different types of smiles on the perception of uncooperative or untrustworthy behaviour. In five studies, participants assigned to one group played an economic game with a representative of another group. In an initial round, the representative acted uncooperatively by favouring their group and then displayed a dominance, reward, or affiliation smile. Participants rated the motives of the representative and played a second round of the game with a different member of the same outgroup. Following uncooperative or untrustworthy behaviour, affiliation smiles communicated less positivity and superiority, and a greater desire to both repair the relationship between groups and change the uncooperative decision than reward or dominance smiles. Perceptions of a desire to repair the relationship and to change the decision were associated with trust and cooperation in a subsequent round of the game. Together, these findings show that smiles that are subtly different in their morphology can convey different messages and highlight the importance of these expressions in influencing the perceptions of others’ intentions.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Additional Information:	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
ISSN:	0269-9931
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	7 July 2021
Date of Acceptance:	22 June 2021
Last Modified:	06 Nov 2023 23:07
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/142341

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