The genetic landscape of complex childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders

Pérez-Dueñas, Belén, Gorman, Kathleen, Marcé-Grau, Anna, Ortigoza-Escobar, Juan D., Macaya, Alfons, Danti, Federica R., Barwick, Katy, Papandreou, Apostolos, Ng, Joanne, Meyer, Esther, Mohammad, Shekeeb S., Smith, Martin, Muntoni, Francesco, Munot, Pinki, Uusimaa, Johanna, Vieira, Päivi, Sheridan, Eammon, Guerrini, Renzo, Cobben, Jan, Yilmaz, Sanem, De Grandis, Elisa, Dale, Russell C., Pons, Roser, Peall, Kathryn J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4944, Leuzzi, Vincenzo and Kurian, Manju A. 2022. The genetic landscape of complex childhood-onset hyperkinetic movement disorders. Movement Disorders 37 (11) , pp. 2197-2209. 10.1002/mds.29182

Preview

PDF - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Background and Objective The objective of this study was to better delineate the genetic landscape and key clinical characteristics of complex, early-onset, monogenic hyperkinetic movement disorders. Methods Patients were recruited from 14 international centers. Participating clinicians completed standardized proformas capturing demographic, clinical, and genetic data. Two pediatric movement disorder experts reviewed available video footage, classifying hyperkinetic movements according to published criteria. Results One hundred forty patients with pathogenic variants in 17 different genes (ADCY5, ATP1A3, DDC, DHPR, FOXG1, GCH1, GNAO1, KMT2B, MICU1, NKX2.1, PDE10A, PTPS, SGCE, SLC2A1, SLC6A3, SPR, and TH) were identified. In the majority, hyperkinetic movements were generalized (77%), with most patients (69%) manifesting combined motor semiologies. Parkinsonism-dystonia was characteristic of primary neurotransmitter disorders (DDC, DHPR, PTPS, SLC6A3, SPR, TH); chorea predominated in ADCY5-, ATP1A3-, FOXG1-, NKX2.1-, SLC2A1-, GNAO1-, and PDE10A-related disorders; and stereotypies were a prominent feature in FOXG1- and GNAO1-related disease. Those with generalized hyperkinetic movements had an earlier disease onset than those with focal/segmental distribution (2.5 ± 0.3 vs. 4.7 ± 0.7 years; P = 0.007). Patients with developmental delay also presented with hyperkinetic movements earlier than those with normal neurodevelopment (1.5 ± 2.9 vs. 4.7 ± 3.8 years; P < 0.001). Effective disease-specific therapies included dopaminergic agents for neurotransmitters disorders, ketogenic diet for glucose transporter deficiency, and deep brain stimulation for SGCE-, KMT2B-, and GNAO1-related hyperkinesia. Conclusions This study highlights the complex phenotypes observed in children with genetic hyperkinetic movement disorders that can lead to diagnostic difficulty. We provide a comprehensive analysis of motor semiology to guide physicians in the genetic investigation of these patients, to facilitate early diagnosis, precision medicine treatments, and genetic counseling. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0885-3185
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	26 October 2022
Date of Acceptance:	24 July 2022
Last Modified:	28 Feb 2024 10:33
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/153783

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item