Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population

Paquin, Vincent, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, ten Have, Margreet, Bak, Maarten, Gunther, Nicole, de Graaf, Ron, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, Lin, Bochao D., van Eijk, Kristel R., Kenis, Gunter, Richards, Alexander, O'Donovan, Michael C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-2379, Luykx, Jurjen J., Rutten, Bart P. F., van Os, Jim, Shah, Jai L. and Guloksuz, Sinan 2022. Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 10.1007/s00127-022-02346-3

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Abstract

Purpose The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population. Methods Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models. Results For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p < .0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals. Conclusion There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Publisher:	Springer
ISSN:	0933-7954
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	9 November 2022
Date of Acceptance:	19 July 2022
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2023 20:41
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/154065

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