Hunger, satiety, and meal acceptability: associations with mood, cardiovascular function, and selectivity in memory and attention.

Smith, Andrew ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-8028 2024. Hunger, satiety, and meal acceptability: associations with mood, cardiovascular function, and selectivity in memory and attention. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 13 (4) , pp. 26-36. 10.20959/wjpr20244-31409

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Abstract

Background: There has been considerable research on hunger and food acceptability but much less on whether these are associated with mood and cognition. The present study investigated associations between ratings of hunger, satiety, meal acceptability, mood, cardiovascular function and selectivity in memory and attention. Previous analyses had shown that the selectivity measures were not sensitive to the consumption of lunch or the time of testing. Method: A parallel groups design was used, and 120 university students (50% male) participated in the experiment. Baseline measurements were taken between 9.30 and 11.30 am, and ratings of hunger were taken at this time. Volunteers were assigned to one of the following experimental conditions: (1) Pre-lunch testing, (2) Early afternoon post-lunch testing, (3) Early afternoon post- no lunch testing, (4) Late afternoon post-lunch testing, and (5) Late afternoon post-no lunch testing. In each session, mood was rated, pulse and blood pressure recorded, and tests measuring selectivity in memory and attention were carried out. Hunger was rated again in those participants who had no lunch. Satiety and meal acceptability were rated in the lunch conditions. Results: Baseline hunger ratings showed that participants were not very hungry at this time. Greater hunger was significantly associated with a more negative mood (lower alertness and hedonic tone scores). Hungrier participants also had a significantly lower category dominance effect. Hunger ratings were higher in those who had no lunch. Prior to their test session, greater hunger was associated with a more negative mood and reduced performance in the high-priority recall task. The mood effect and the priority effect were not related. Satiety ratings from those who consumed lunch were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and with feeling less anxious. Satiety was also correlated with recall of order (the high-priority task). Acceptability ratings were correlated with a more positive mood (higher alertness and hedonic tone) and were negatively correlated with the priority effect in the order/location recall task. Conclusion: The present analyses demonstrated that ratings of hunger are associated with mood changes and that hunger also changes the effects of dominance and priority in memory. Satiety was associated with lower systolic blood pressure, feeling less anxious and a reduction in the priority memory effect. Higher acceptability ratings were associated with a more positive mood and a reduction in the memory priority effect. These results show that it is important to measure hunger, satiety and acceptability in studies of the effects of meals on mood and performance.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology
ISSN:	2277-7105
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	18 February 2024
Date of Acceptance:	11 February 2024
Last Modified:	19 Feb 2024 11:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/166377

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