Analysis of androgen receptor expression and activity in the mouse brain

Dart, D. Alwyn, Bevan, Charlotte L., Uysal-Onganer, Pinar and Jiang, Wen Guo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3283-1111 2024. Analysis of androgen receptor expression and activity in the mouse brain. Scientific Reports 14 (1) , 11115. 10.1038/s41598-024-61733-9

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Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the core treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), with a proven survival benefit. ADT lowers circulating testosterone levels throughout the body, but with it comes a variety of reported side effects including fatigue, muscle wastage, weight gain, hot flushes and importantly cognitive impairment, depression, and mood swings. Testosterone has a key role in brain masculinization, but its direct effects are relatively poorly understood, due both to the brain’s extreme complexity and the fact that some of testosterone activities are driven via local conversion to oestrogen, especially during embryonic development. The exact roles, function, and location of the androgen receptor (AR) in the adult male brain are still being discovered, and therefore the cognitive side effects of ADT may be unrecognized or under-reported. The age of onset of several neurological diseases overlap with PCa, therefore, there is a need to separate ADT side effects from such co-morbidities. Here we analysed the activity and expression level of the AR in the adult mouse brain, using an ARE-Luc reporter mouse and immunohistochemical staining for AR in all the key brain regions via coronal slices. We further analysed our data by comparing to the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. AR-driven luciferase activity and distinct nuclear staining for AR were seen in several key brain areas including the thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and the hindbrain. We describe and discuss the potential role of AR in these areas, to inform and enable extrapolation to potential side effects of ADT in humans.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Nature Research
ISSN:	2045-2322
Funders:	This work was funded by the Medical Research Council of the UK (www.mrc.ac.uk), grant ref. G0700915, Prostate Cancer UK (grant ref. PG13-033) and The Cardiff University Peking University Cancer Institute.
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	15 May 2024
Date of Acceptance:	9 May 2024
Last Modified:	07 Jun 2024 09:02
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/168946

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