Neuroprotective approach, microbiome therapy, and overcoming insulin resistance in the brain

Rao, Pooja, Udayashankara, Vasudha K., Aswathanarayan, Jamuna Bai, Reddy, Karri V. V. S. Narayana, Madhunapantula, SubbaRao V., Ravishankar Rai, V. and Syed, Yasir Ahmed ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-307X 2025. Neuroprotective approach, microbiome therapy, and overcoming insulin resistance in the brain. Ashraf, G. M., Zari, A. T., Rahman, Md. H., Karthika, C. and Karri, V. V. S. R., eds. Multi-Factorial Approach as a Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease, Singapore: Springer, pp. 259-280. (10.1007/978-981-96-0259-9_13)

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Abstract

The gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating and maintaining homeostasis while conferring overall good health. However, its dysbiosis leads to exacerbati on of several chronic and infectious disease conditions. Gut microbiome dysregulation affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the other organs. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome - brain axis has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegeneration. Gut microbiota is involved in the crosstalk and bidirectional communication between GIT and the central nervous system (CNS). Some of the metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan, and choline, and these can modulate GI and CNS functions. Elucidating the function of microbiota in gut-brain axis will help in developing novel therapeutics for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For instance, microbiome therapy which involves restoring pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gut microbiome species can lead to SCFA production and prevent neuroinflammation and insulin resistance. In this chapter, the gut microbiota and its role in homeostasis and neuroprotection are explained. Microbial dysbiosis and its metabolites leading to AD disease development and progression are described. Further, the detection of potential microbes involved in dysbiosis for the diagnosis of AD is discussed. Lastly, the mechanism as well as pros and cons of novel microbiome-based therapy including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation for neuroprotection are explained.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Biosciences
Publisher:	Springer
ISBN:	978-981-96-0258-2
Last Modified:	05 Mar 2025 12:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/176607

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