Using passive sensing to predict psychosis relapse: an in-depth qualitative study exploring perspectives of people with psychosis

Eisner, Emily, Ball, Hannah, Ainsworth, John, Cella, Matteo, Chalmers, Natalie, Clifford, Sybil, Drake, Richard, Elton, Daniel, Faulkner, Sophie, Greenwood, Kathryn, Gumley, Andrew, Haddock, Gillian, Kendall, Kimberley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-6121, Kenny, Alex, Krogsæter, Tor-Ivar, Lees, Jane, Lewis, Shôn, Maclean, Laura, O'Hare, Kathryn, Phiri, Alie, Richardson, Cara, Schwannauer, Matthias, Turner, Rebecca, Walsh, Annabel, Walters, James ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-4053, Wykes, Til, Zahid, Uzma and Bucci, Sandra 2025. Using passive sensing to predict psychosis relapse: an in-depth qualitative study exploring perspectives of people with psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin: The Journal of Psychoses and Related Disorders Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

Background Relapses result in negative consequences for individuals with psychosis and considerable health service costs. Digital remote monitoring (DRM) systems incorporating ‘passive sensing’ (sensor data gathered via smartphones/wearables) may be a low-burden method for identifying relapses early, enabling prompt intervention and potentially averting the consequences of full relapse. This study examined detailed views from people with psychosis about using passive sensing in this context. Study Design Participants with psychosis (n=58), recruited across the UK, took part in qualitative interviews, analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. An advisory group with relevant lived experience was involved throughout, from developing the topic guide to analysis. Study Results Four overarching themes were developed. Theme 1 outlines participants’ polarised feelings about passive sensing, highlighting specific challenges relating to privacy, especially regarding location data. Theme 2 examines participants’ fears that clinicians might judge their movements or routines, creating a sense of pressure to modify their actions and undermining their autonomy. Theme 3 describes potential solutions: offering users choice about what data is shared, when and with whom. Theme 4 outlines specific benefits that participants valued, including intended functions of passive sensing within DRM (ease of use, early identification of relapse, relevance of sleep monitoring) and novel uses. Conclusions Our findings underline the importance of fully informed consent, choice and autonomy. Given the potential privacy impacts, individuals are unlikely to engage with passive sensing unless they perceive clear personal benefits. Prospective DRM users need clear, accessible information about passive data collection and its relevant costs and benefits.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Medicine Research Institutes & Centres > MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0586-7614
Funders:	Wellcome Trust
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	9 July 2025
Date of Acceptance:	9 July 2025
Last Modified:	16 Jul 2025 11:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/179674

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