Evaluating user perceptions and usability of an AI-powered smartphone application for at-home dental plaque screening

Al-Zubaidy, Dania, Innes, Nicola ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-0012, Galloway, Jennifer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-5970 and Al-Yaseen, Waraf 2025. Evaluating user perceptions and usability of an AI-powered smartphone application for at-home dental plaque screening. British Dental Journal 239 (1) , pp. 46-52. 10.1038/s41415-025-8502-0

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Abstract

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered mobile applications (apps) like TestMyTeeth offer potential for at-home dental plaque screening. Objective To evaluate usability and user perceptions of the TestMyTeeth app for remote plaque detection. Methods A cross-sectional study with adult participants recruited using convenience sampling. Participants used the app and completed an online questionnaire including the system usability scale (SUS) and user experience items. Descriptive statistics summarised demographics and responses. SUS scores and non-parametric tests assessed usability differences across age, education level and sex. Results For 132 participants recruited (75% female; 90% under 44 years-old), the mean SUS score was 56.2 (standard deviation ± 13.5; range: 10-85), indicating ‘marginal' acceptability. Additionally, 54.6% were interested in frequent use, 41.6% found the app easy to use and 50% needed technical support. Participants found significant challenges capturing intra-oral photographs, especially for posterior teeth. No significant SUS score differences were found for age (p = 0.951), education level (p = 0.569), or sex (p = 0.154). Qualitative feedback highlighted benefits of self-monitoring but concerns about app complexity and accuracy without professional guidance. Conclusion The app shows potential for empowering at-home dental plaque screening but faces usability challenges. Improvements in user interface and photo-capture functionality would enhance usability.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Dentistry
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, Type: open-access
Publisher:	Springer Nature [academic journals on nature.com]
ISSN:	0007-0610
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	14 July 2025
Date of Acceptance:	18 February 2025
Last Modified:	15 Jul 2025 09:23
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/179813

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