Microwave-assisted degradation of azo dyes using NiO catalysts

Chan, Celinia de Carvalho, Alsalem, Lamiaa F., Almalki, Mshaal, Bozhinovska, Irina, Hayward, James S., Williams, Stephen S. N. and Bartley, Jonathan K. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4640-541X 2025. Microwave-assisted degradation of azo dyes using NiO catalysts. Catalysts 15 (8) , 702. 10.3390/catal15080702

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Abstract

Catalysts are ubiquitous in manufacturing industries and gas phase pollutant abatement but are not widely used in wastewater treatment, as high temperatures and concentrated waste streams are needed to achieve the reaction degradation rates required. Heating water is energy intensive, and alternative, low temperature solutions have been investigated, collectively known as advanced oxidation processes. However, many of these advanced oxidation processes use expensive oxidants such as perchlorate, hydroxy radicals or ozone to react with contaminants, and therefore have high running costs. This study has investigated microwave catalysis as a low-energy, low-cost technology for water treatment using NiO catalysts that can be heated in the microwave field to drive the decomposition of azo-dye contaminants. Using this methodology for the microwave-assisted degradation of two azo dyes (azorubine and methyl orange), conversions of >95% were achieved in only 10 s with 100 W microwave power.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Chemistry Research Institutes & Centres > Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI)
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Start Date: 2025-07-24
Publisher:	MDPI
ISSN:	2073-4344
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	4 August 2025
Date of Acceptance:	11 July 2025
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2025 11:21
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180244

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