Structural and chemical investigation of a tridentate fluorescein hydrazone (LH3), a selective Cu2+ and Hg2+ chelator: detection of CN− and HSO4− by its Cu2+ complexes and effect on HeLa cell division

Bharti, Shachendra Kumar, Odera, Keiko, Tripathi, Kamini, Ward, Benzamin D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-5940, Bhattacharya, S., Takahashi, Ryoya and Mishra, Lallan 2025. Structural and chemical investigation of a tridentate fluorescein hydrazone (LH3), a selective Cu2+ and Hg2+ chelator: detection of CN− and HSO4− by its Cu2+ complexes and effect on HeLa cell division. New Journal of Chemistry 10.1039/d5nj01491c

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Abstract

A tridentate ligand (LH3) has been synthesized via the condensation of azobenzene (AS) with fluorescein hydrazide (FH). This ligand was fully characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV-visible, NMR, and HRMS, and its structure was finally confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Given selective detection of Cu2+ ions by LH3 and a distinctive absorption peak observed at λmax = 501 nm, three distinct Cu2+ complexes, [Cu(LH2)·2H2O]NO3 (1), [Cu(LH2)·H2O]ClO4 (2), and [Cu(LH2)Cl] (3) were synthesized by altering the counter anions and crystallized in a MeOH:DCM mixture. These complexes were also fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-visible) and X-ray crystallography. These complexes, in turn, detect CN− and HSO4− ions individually in an EtOH : H2O (1 : 1, v/v) mixture. Notably, upon addition of CN− or HSO4−, the peak at 501 nm disappeared, and a new absorption band appeared at λmax = 360 nm or λmax = 398 nm, respectively. Complex 1 also shows significant emission spectrum changes with CN− anions and minor changes with HSO4− anions at λem = 530 nm. The free ligand (LH3) also displayed remarkable selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg2+ ions, with an emission peak response at λem = 540 nm, due to emission enhancement facilitated by ring-opening of the fluorescein spirocyclic ring. The limits of detection of free LH3 for Cu2+ and Hg2+ are mentioned in the article, whereas the limits of detection of its Cu2+ complexes are tabulated in the article. The effect of LH3 on the cell viability and division of HeLa cells has also been investigated, and it was observed that LH3 induced cell death following metaphase arrest.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Chemistry
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use, Start Date: 2026-07-18
Publisher:	Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN:	1144-0546
Date of Acceptance:	8 July 2025
Last Modified:	14 Aug 2025 09:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180429

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