Combustion and emission characteristics of premixed coke oven gas-ammonia swirling flames

Sato, Daisuke, Davies, Jordan, Lee, Sanggak, Mashruk, Syed, Valera-Medina, Agustin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-7133 and Kurose, Ryoichi 2026. Combustion and emission characteristics of premixed coke oven gas-ammonia swirling flames. Fuel: The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy 406 (Part B) , 137001. 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137001

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Abstract

This study systematically investigates the combustion characteristics of co-firing Coke Oven Gas (COG) and ammonia (NH3), a promising low-carbon fuel blend for decarbonising the steel industry. Experiments are conducted using a 10 kW tangential swirl burner, varying the ammonia fraction (XNH3) and equivalence ratio (Φ). Results demonstrate a significant synergistic effect, where blending expands the flame stability range; ammonia addition suppresses flashback from the high-hydrogen COG, while COG enhances the reactivity of ammonia. The widest stability range is achieved at XNH3 = 0.2. An analysis of exhaust gas emissions reveals that increasing XNH3 not only suppresses the peak NO concentration but also shifts the equivalence ratio at which NO concentration is negligible on the fuel-rich side closer to the stoichiometric condition. Furthermore, a Chemical Reactor Network (CRN) analysis identifies that the HNO + OH ↔ NO + H2O reaction, promoted by OH radicals from COG, is a crucial NO formation pathway, a novel finding for this fuel blend. These fundamental data contribute to advancing the practical application of COG/NH3 co-firing.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0016-2361
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	13 October 2025
Date of Acceptance:	27 September 2025
Last Modified:	13 Oct 2025 11:31
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/181610

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