Frequency regulation of Iraqi power system using nonlinear hybrid sliding mode controller

Ajaweed, Mazin N., Muhssin, Mazin T., Issa, Abbas H. and Cipcigan, Liana ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3334 2026. Frequency regulation of Iraqi power system using nonlinear hybrid sliding mode controller. Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 59 (3) , pp. 575-587. 10.18280/jesa.590302

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Abstract

The performance and stability of the power system significantly deteriorate due to the imbalance between electricity generation and demand. This circumstance in power systems results in frequency control challenges, referred to as frequency deviation. This paper proposes the implementation of a robust nonlinear Hybrid Optimized Sliding Mode Controller (HOSMC) and compares it with the Optimized fractional proportional-Integral-Derivative (OFPID) and Optimized Sliding Mode Controller (OSMC) for a three-area Iraqi interconnected power system to enhance the frequency response. Moreover, the parameters of the developed controllers are optimized using the Ant-Colony Optimization (ACO) technique. The proposed controllers regulate the tie-line power and frequency deviation in the analyzed three-area power system. The system will be analyzed under varying load perturbations according to the following cases: case 1: 15% uniform ramp load disturbance is applied in area 3 only at t = 8 s. Case 2 involved a step load disturbance introduced throughout three areas at different times at t = 5 s, 10 s, and 15 s, respectively. Case 3 examines white noise random with step load disturbances exclusively in area 1 only. In Case 4, the parameter uncertainties are ± 10% in synchronizing coefficients and ± 45% in the governor time constant of the gas unit. Simulation results show an improvement for settling time, peak value, and zero error steady state.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	International Information and Engineering Technology Association
ISSN:	1269-6935
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	21 May 2026
Date of Acceptance:	13 March 2026
Last Modified:	21 May 2026 13:47
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187087

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