Virtual Inertia deployment for Oman’s grid system using a type 2 fuzzy-PID controller

Al-Farsi, Ahmed, Al-Badi, Abdullah. H., Yousef, Hassan, Ahshan, Razzaqul and Ugalde Loo, Carlos E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4454 2026. Virtual Inertia deployment for Oman’s grid system using a type 2 fuzzy-PID controller. International Journal of Sustainable Energy 45 (1) , 2670834. 10.1080/14786451.2026.2670834

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Abstract

The increasing deployment of inverter based renewable energy sources in the Sultanate of Oman’s power system is reducing overall system inertia and leading to higher rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). To support higher renewable penetration in line with national energy targets, effective virtual inertia solutions are required. This study evaluates the impact of increased share of renewable energy on the actual inertia of the Oman Main Interconnected System (MIS) and proposes a novel interval Type-2 Fuzzy-PID-based virtual inertia control strategy. Unlike conventional approaches, the proposed method is assessed under multiple operating scenarios, including high renewable penetration, uncertainty, and severe disturbances. The system inertia is evaluated using DIgSILENT Power Factory, while the controller is designed and validated in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed controller is successfully tested under renewable energy variability and uncertainty conditions at a penetration level of 20% of total system demand. Simulation results show a significant improvement in frequency stability, including reduced ROCOF, enhanced damping, and improved frequency response compared to conventional methods. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and practical applicability of the proposed controller for real-world low-inertia power systems.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Start Date: 2026-05-18
Publisher:	Taylor and Francis Group
ISSN:	1478-6451
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	1 June 2026
Date of Acceptance:	5 May 2026
Last Modified:	01 Jun 2026 10:46
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187308

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