Biomechanical investigation into the torsional failure of immature long bone

Theobald, Peter ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-7130, Qureshi, Asma and Jones, Michael David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-6029 2012. Biomechanical investigation into the torsional failure of immature long bone. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma 3 (1) , pp. 24-27. 10.1016/j.jcot.2012.02.001

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Abstract

Approximately 50% of infant and toddler long bone fractures are attributed to non-accidental trauma; however, differentiating from benign mechanisms is subjective, due to an absence of evidence-based diagnostic tools. Previous studies investigated small ranges of rotational velocities in animal long bone models, although did not report the variation in the spiral fracture angle. This study considered the fracture angle as a potential clinical measure, correlating this data with a wider range of rotational velocities. The spiral fracture angle was measured relative to the long axis, whilst noting the narrowest diaphysial diameter, location of the fracture, and the extent of comminution and periosteal disruption. Twenty-six bones failed in spiral fracture, with the potting material failing in the remaining tests. All spiral fractures centred on the narrowest diaphysial diameter. Slower rotational velocities caused fracture angles approaching 45°, whereas fractures at greater velocities caused fracture angles nearer 30°. A relatively strong trend (R2 = 0.78) is reported when the normalised fracture angle (against the narrowest diaphysial dimension) was plotted against the rotational rate. A relationship has been identified between the angle of spiral fracture and the rotational velocity using the immature bovine metatarsal model. This trend forms a scientific foundation from which to explore developing a diagnostic, evidence-based tool that may ultimately serve to assist differentiating between accidental and non-accidental injury.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Engineering Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General) T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Spiral fracture; Immature bone; Mechanical testing; Torsion
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0976-5662
Last Modified:	21 Oct 2022 09:44
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/37512

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