Comparative incidence rates of mild adverse effects to transcranial magnetic stimulation

Maizey, Leah, Allen, Christopher P. G., Dervinis, Martynas, Verbruggen, Frederick, Varnava, Alice, Kozlov, Michail D., Adams, Rachel Charlotte ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8053-0671, Stokes, Mark, Klemen, Jane, Bungert, Andreas, Hounsell, Charles A. and Chambers, Christopher D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6058-4114 2013. Comparative incidence rates of mild adverse effects to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology 124 (3) , pp. 536-544. 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.024

Preview

PDF - Submitted Pre-Print Version Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Objectives Past research has largely neglected to investigate mild adverse effects (MAEs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including headache and nausea. Here we explored the relationship between MAEs, participant characteristics (age and gender) and protocol parameters, including mode of application, coil geometry, stimulated brain region, TMS frequency, TMS intensity, and active vs. sham stimulation. Methods Data from 1270 standard post-monitoring forms was obtained from 113 healthy participants. Analyses aimed to identify the risk factors associated with MAE reports and specific symptoms. Results The overall rate of MAEs across TMS sessions was ∼5%, with ∼78% of symptoms occurring post-session. Initial TMS sessions were followed by a higher MAE incidence rate relative to later testing sessions. No associations between participant characteristics, TMS frequency, or intensity were observed. Conclusions TMS-related MAEs are relatively common and may be exacerbated by initial expectations or anxieties of participants. A significant proportion of MAEs may reflect reporting of coincidental phenomena that are unrelated to TMS. Recommendations for future safety studies are proposed and monitoring documentation is provided. Significance Our findings illustrate the importance of standardized monitoring of MAEs. Such research aids our understanding of how MAEs arise and may lead to interventions for reducing their incidence.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC) Psychology
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Safety; Mild adverse effects; Post-monitoring; Risk factors
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	1388-2457
Funders:	BBSRC, Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Welsh Assembly
Last Modified:	08 Aug 2024 13:56
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/38235

Citation Data

Cited 44 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item