Sex differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms

Davies, William ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-2440 2014. Sex differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Candidate genetic and endocrine mechanisms. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 35 (3) , pp. 331-346. 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.003

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Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental condition characterised by severe inattention, pathological impulsivity and hyperactivity; it is relatively common affecting up to 6% of children, and is associated with a risk of long-term adverse educational and social consequences. Males are considerably more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than females; the course of the disorder and its associated co-morbidities also appear to be sensitive to sex. Here, I discuss fundamental biological (genetic and endocrine) mechanisms that have been shown to, or could theoretically, contribute towards these sexually dimorphic phenomena. Greater understanding of how and why the sexes differ with respect to ADHD vulnerability should allow us to identify and characterise novel protective and risk factors for the disorder, and should ultimately facilitate improved diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI) Psychology
Subjects:	B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology Q Science > QH Natural history > QH426 Genetics R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Autism; Basal ganglia; Imprinted gene; Mouse; Rat; Sex chromosome; Sry; Steroid sulfatase; Testosterone; Thalamus
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0091-3022
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	19 Nov 2024 22:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/64771

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