Enforcement issues in the governance of ships' carbon emissions

Bloor, Michael John, Baker, Susan Catherine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5616-4157, Sampson, Helen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-9452 and Dahlgren, Katrin 2015. Enforcement issues in the governance of ships' carbon emissions. Laws 4 (3) , pp. 335-351. 10.3390/laws4030335

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Abstract

The shipping industry, although relatively carbon-efficient, is projected to produce rising carbon emissions in the future as a consequence of increasing world trade. A number of candidate regulations designed to mitigate these emissions have been canvassed by the UN’s International Maritime Organisation and by the European Commission. Many of these schemes are focussed on the use of market measures—emission trading schemes or fuel levies. This paper draws on observational and interview data gathered to examine enforcement issues associated with the control of ships’ sulphur emissions in order to consider the possible enforcement problems that might be associated with projected market measures to control ships’ carbon emissions. Enforcement problems are shown to be associated with the globalised character of the industry and its polycentric governance structure.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Sustainable Places Research Institute (PLACES) Seafarers International Research Centre (SIRC) Social Sciences (Includes Criminology and Education)
Subjects:	G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GE Environmental Sciences H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications V Naval Science > V Naval Science (General)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	carbon emissions; shipping; polycentric governance; market measures; emission trading; fuel levy; enforcement; port state control
Additional Information:	This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Publisher:	MDPI Publishing
ISSN:	2075-471X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Date of Acceptance:	26 June 2015
Last Modified:	04 May 2023 20:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/75161

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