Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Thapar, Anita ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-737X and Cooper, Miriam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4695-5481 2016. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet 387 (10024) , pp. 1240-1250. 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00238-X

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Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 1·4-3·0%. It is more common in boys than girls. Comorbidity with childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric disorders is substantial. ADHD is highly heritable and multifactorial; multiple genes and non-inherited factors contribute to the disorder. Prenatal and perinatal factors have been implicated as risks, but definite causes remain unknown. Most guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to treatment, beginning with non-drug interventions and then moving to pharmacological treatment in those most severely affected. Randomised controlled trials show short-term benefits of stimulant medication and atomoxetine. Meta-analyses of blinded trials of non-drug treatments have not yet proven the efficacy of such interventions. Longitudinal studies of ADHD show heightened risk of multiple mental health and social difficulties as well as premature mortality in adult life.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0140-6736
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	03 Dec 2024 00:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/78414

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