ORCA
Online Research @ Cardiff

# The MASSIVE Survey. VI. The spatial sistribution and kinematics of warm ionized gas in the most massive local early-type galaxies

 Pandya, Viraj, Greene, Jenny E., Ma, Chung-Pei, Veale, Melanie, Ene, Irina, Davis, Timothy A., Blakeslee, John P., Goulding, Andy D., McConnell, Nicholas J., Nyland, Kristina and Thomas, Jens 2017. The MASSIVE Survey. VI. The spatial sistribution and kinematics of warm ionized gas in the most massive local early-type galaxies. The Astrophysical Journal 837 (1) , pp. 40-55. 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5ebc

 Preview
PDF - Accepted Post-Print Version

## Abstract

We present the first systematic investigation of the existence, spatial distribution, and kinematics of warm ionized gas as traced by the [O ii] 3727 Å emission line in 74 of the most massive galaxies in the local universe. All of our galaxies have deep integral-field spectroscopy from the volume- and magnitude-limited MASSIVE survey of early-type galaxies with stellar mass $\mathrm{log}({M}_{* }/{M}_{\odot })\gt 11.5$ (M K < −25.3 mag) and distance D < 108 Mpc. Of the 74 galaxies in our sample, we detect warm ionized gas in 28, which yields a global detection fraction of 38 ± 6% down to a typical [O ii] equivalent width limit of 2 Å. MASSIVE fast rotators are more likely to have gas than MASSIVE slow rotators with detection fractions of 80 ± 10% and 28 ± 6%, respectively. The spatial extents span a wide range of radii (0.6–18.2 kpc; 0.1–4R e ), and the gas morphologies are diverse, with 17/28 ≈ 61 ± 9% being centrally concentrated, 8/28 ≈ 29 ± 9% exhibiting clear rotation out to several kiloparsecs, and 3/28 ≈ 11 ± 6% being extended but patchy. Three out of four fast rotators show kinematic alignment between the stars and gas, whereas the two slow rotators with robust kinematic measurements available exhibit kinematic misalignment. Our inferred warm ionized gas masses are roughly ~105 M ⊙. The emission line ratios and radial equivalent width profiles are generally consistent with excitation of the gas by the old underlying stellar population. We explore different gas origin scenarios for MASSIVE galaxies and find that a variety of physical processes are likely at play, including internal gas recycling, cooling out of the hot gaseous halo, and gas acquired via mergers.

Item Type: Article Publication Published Physics and Astronomy Q Science > QB Astronomy IOP Science 1538-4357 STFC 13 April 2017 31 January 2017 05 Jun 2017 02:32 http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/99878

## Citation Data

Cited 20 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

### Actions (repository staff only)

 Edit Item