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Variation in recent onset Parkinson's disease: implications for prodromal detection

Swallow, Diane M.A., Lawton, Michael A., Grosset, Katherine A., Malek, Naveed, Smith, Callum R., Bajaj, Nin P., Barker, Roger A., Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Burn, David J., Foltynie, Thomas, Hardy, John, Morris, Huw R., Williams, Nigel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-6931, Wood, Nicholas W. and Grosset, Donald G. 2016. Variation in recent onset Parkinson's disease: implications for prodromal detection. Journal of Parkinson's Disease 6 (2) , pp. 289-300. 10.3233/JPD-150741

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Abstract

Background: The detection of prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD) is desirable to test drugs with neuroprotective potential, but will be affected by known disease variations. Objective: To assess the prevalence of four key non-motor prodromal PD markers, and evaluate the sensitivity of case detection when non-motor screening tools for prodromal PD are implemented in an early clinical PD cohort. Methods: Hyposmia (University of Pennsylvania smell identification test ≤15th centile or Sniffin’ Sticks at or ≤10th centile corrected for age and sex), rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD questionnaire >4), constipation (<1 daily spontaneous bowel motion) and depression (Leeds >6) were recorded in recent onset PD cases, and proposed non-motor screening criteria applied. Results: In 1,719 PD cases, mean age 68.6 years (SD 8.1), 65.5% male, mean disease duration 1.3 years (SD 0.9), 72.2% were hyposmic, 43.3% had RBD, 22.1% depression, and 21.5% constipation. 11.6% of cases had no key non-motor features, 38.8% one, 32.1% two, 15.5% three, and 2.0% all four. Increasing numbers of non-motor features were associated with younger age (p = 0.019), higher motor scores (p < 0.001), more postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) (p < 0.001), greater cognitive impairment (p < 0.001) and higher total non-motor burden (p < 0.001). Cases with hyposmia alone were younger (p < 0.001), had less severe cognitive (p = 0.006) and other non-motor features (p < 0.001). All screening criteria selected younger patients (p = 0.001, p < 0.001), three of four greater overall non-motor burden (p = 0.005, p < 0.001), and inclusion of RBD more cognitive impairment (p = 0.003, p = 0.001) and PIGD (p = 0.004, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Varying sensitivity levels, and age and phenotype selectivity, are found when different non-motor screening methods to detect prodromal PD are applied to an early clinical PD cohort.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Medicine
Uncontrolled Keywords: Parkinson disease, anosmia, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, depression, constipation
Publisher: IOS Press
ISSN: 1877-7171
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 9 October 2018
Date of Acceptance: 19 February 2016
Last Modified: 05 May 2023 19:12
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/103692

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