Environmental life cycle assessment of ammonia‐based electricity

Boero, Andrea J., Kardux, Kevin, Kovaleva, Marina, Salas, Daniel A., Mooijer, Jacco, Mashruk, Syed, Townsend, Michael, Rouwenhorst, Kevin, Valera Medina, Agustin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-7133 and Ramirez, Angel D. 2021. Environmental life cycle assessment of ammonia‐based electricity. Energies 14 (20) , 6721. 10.3390/en14206721

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Abstract

In recent years, several researchers have studied the potential use of ammonia (NH3) as an energy vector, focused on the techno-economic advantages and challenges for full global deployment. The use of ammonia as fuel is seen as a strategy to support decarbonization; however, to confirm the sustainability of the shift to ammonia as fuel in thermal engines, a study of the environmental profile is needed. This paper aims to assess the environmental life cycle impacts of ammonia-based electricity generated in a combined heat and power cycle for different ammonia production pathways. A cradle-to-gate assessment was developed for both ammonia production and ammonia-based electricity generation. The results show that electrolysis-based ammonia from renewable and nuclear energy have a better profile in terms of global warming potential (0.09–0.70 t CO2-eq/t NH3), fossil depletion potential (3.62–213.56 kg oil-eq/t NH3), and ozone depletion potential (0.001–0.082 g CFC-11-eq/t NH3). In addition, surplus heat for district or industrial applications offsets some of the environmental burden, such as a more than 29% reduction in carbon footprint. In general, ammonia-based combined heat and power production presents a favorable environmental profile, for example, the carbon footprint ranges from −0.480 to 0.003 kg CO2-eq/kWh.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Engineering
Additional Information:	This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/license s/by/4.0/)
Publisher:	MDPI
ISSN:	1996-1073
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	15 October 2021
Date of Acceptance:	12 October 2021
Last Modified:	27 Jan 2023 02:11
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/144877

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