Psychopathology in adults with copy number variants

Adams, Rachael L., Baird, Alister, Smith, Jacqueline, Williams, Nigel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-6931, van den Bree, Marianne B. M. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-3254, Linden, David E. J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5638-9292, Owen, Michael J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-0862, Hall, Jeremy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-9009 and Linden, Stefanie C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-3811 2023. Psychopathology in adults with copy number variants. Psychological Medicine 53 (7) , pp. 3142-3149. 10.1017/S0033291721005201

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Abstract

Background Copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the risk of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. However, little is known about their spectrum of psychopathology in adulthood. Methods We investigated the psychiatric phenotypes of adult CNV carriers and compared probands, who were ascertained through clinical genetics services, with carriers who were not. One hundred twenty-four adult participants (age 18–76), each bearing one of 15 rare CNVs, were recruited through a variety of sources including clinical genetics services, charities for carriers of genetic variants, and online advertising. A battery of psychiatric assessments was used to determine psychopathology. Results The frequencies of psychopathology were consistently higher for the CNV group compared to general population rates. We found particularly high rates of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (48%), mood disorders (42%), anxiety disorders (47%) and personality disorders (73%) as well as high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity (median number of diagnoses: 2 in non-probands, 3 in probands). NDDs [odds ratio (OR) = 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32–16.51; p = 0.017) and psychotic disorders (OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.3–36.3; p = 0.025) occurred significantly more frequently in probands (N = 45; NDD: 39[87%]; psychosis: 8[18%]) than non-probands (N = 79; NDD: 20 [25%]; psychosis: 3[4%]). Participants also had somatic diagnoses pertaining to all organ systems, particularly conotruncal cardiac malformations (in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome specifically), musculoskeletal, immunological, and endocrine diseases. Conclusions Adult CNV carriers had a markedly increased rate of anxiety and personality disorders not previously reported and high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity. Our findings support in-depth psychiatric and medical assessments of carriers of CNVs and the establishment of multidisciplinary clinical services.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Additional Information:	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISSN:	0033-2917
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	1 March 2022
Date of Acceptance:	30 November 2021
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2023 18:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/147961

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