The influence of sample preparation on XPS quantification of oxygen-functionalised graphene nanoplatelets

Reed, Benjamen P., Marchesini, Sofia, Chemello, Giovanni, Morgan, David J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-5731, Vyas, Neil, Howe, Thomas, Radnik, Jörg, Clifford, Charles A. and Pollard, Andrew J. 2023. The influence of sample preparation on XPS quantification of oxygen-functionalised graphene nanoplatelets. Carbon 211 , p. 118054. 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118054 Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used for characterising the chemistry of graphene-related two-dimensional materials (GR2M), however the careful preparation of the sample for analysis is important in obtaining representative quantifications. We report an investigation by three laboratories showing that the preparation method for oxygen-functionalised graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) powders has a significant effect on the homogeneous-equivalent elemental composition measured in XPS. We show that pressing GNP powders onto adhesive tapes, into recesses, or into solid pellets results in inconsistencies in the XPS quantification. The measured oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratio from GNP pellets depends upon the die pressure used to form them and the morphology of the GNPs themselves. We recommend that powder samples of GR2Ms are pelletised prior to XPS analysis to improve repeatability and reproducibility of measurements.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Chemistry Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI)
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: Title: This article is under embargo with an end date yet to be finalised.
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0008-6223
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 May 2023
Date of Acceptance:	22 April 2023
Last Modified:	17 Nov 2023 13:19
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/159142

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