Genetic associations between modifiable risk factors and Alzheimer disease

Luo, Jiao, Thomassen, Jesper Qvist, Bellenguez, Céline, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, de Rojas, Itziar, Castillo Morales, Atahualpa, Parveen, Kayenat, Küçükali, Fahri, Nicolas, Aude, Peters, Oliver, Schneider, Anja, Dichgans, Martin, Rujescu, Dan, Scherbaum, Norbert, Jürgen, Deckert, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Hausner, Lucrezia, Porcel, Laura Molina, Düzel, Emrah, Grimmer, Timo, Wiltfang, Jens, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Moebus, Susanne, Tegos, Thomas, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Clarimon, Jordi, Moreno, Fermin, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Bullido, María J., Pastor, Pau, Sánchez-Valle, Raquel, Álvarez, Victoria, Boada, Mercè, García-González, Pablo, Puerta, Raquel, Mir, Pablo, Real, Luis M., Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard, García-Alberca, Jose María, Royo, Jose Luís, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy, Soininen, Hilkka, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Mehrabian, Shima, Hort, Jakub, Vyhnalek, Martin, van der Lee, Sven, Graff, Caroline, Papenberg, Goran, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Boland, Anne, Bacq-Daian, Delphine, Deleuze, Jean-François, Nicolas, Gael, Dufouil, Carole, Pasquier, Florence, Hanon, Olivier, Debette, Stéphanie, Grünblatt, Edna, Popp, Julius, Benussi, Luisa, Galimberti, Daniela, Arosio, Beatrice, Mecocci, Patrizia, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Parnetti, Lucilla, Squassina, Alessio, Tremolizzo, Lucio, Borroni, Barbara, Nacmias, Benedetta, Sorbi, Sandro, Caffarra, Paolo, Seripa, Davide, Rainero, Innocenzo, Daniele, Antonio, Masullo, Carlo, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Williams, Julie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0259, Amouyel, Philippe, Jessen, Frank, Kehoe, Patrick, Tsolaki, Magda, Rossi, Giacomina, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sleegers, Kristel, Ingelsson, Martin, Andreassen, Ole A., Hiltunen, Mikko, Van Duijn, Cornelia, Sims, Rebecca ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-1199, van der Flier, Wiesje, Ruiz, Agustín, Ramirez, Alfredo, Lambert, Jean-Charles and Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth 2023. Genetic associations between modifiable risk factors and Alzheimer disease. Jama Network Open 6 (5) , e2313734. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.13734

Preview

PDF - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (1MB) | Preview

Abstract

Importance An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia. Objective To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for AD were obtained from the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), generated on August 31, 2021. Main analyses were conducted using the EADB clinically diagnosed end point data. All analyses were performed between April 12 and October 27, 2022. Exposures Genetically determined modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for AD were calculated per 1-unit change of genetically determined risk factors. Results The EADB-diagnosed cohort included 39 106 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 401 577 control participants without AD. The mean age ranged from 72 to 83 years for participants with AD and 51 to 80 years for control participants. Among participants with AD, 54% to 75% were female, and among control participants, 48% to 60% were female. Genetically determined high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased odds of AD (OR per 1-SD increase, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.16]). Genetically determined high systolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of AD after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10–mm Hg increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]). In a second analysis to minimize bias due to sample overlap, the entire UK Biobank was excluded from the EADB consortium; odds for AD were similar for HDL cholesterol (OR per 1-SD unit increase, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.15]) and systolic blood pressure after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10–mm Hg increase, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.01-1.50]). Conclusions and Relevance This genetic association study found novel genetic associations between high HDL cholesterol concentrations and high systolic blood pressure with higher risk of AD. These findings may inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention implementation.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Publisher:	American Medical Association
ISSN:	2574-3805
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	16 August 2023
Date of Acceptance:	18 March 2023
Last Modified:	18 Aug 2023 07:48
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/161843

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item