Diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy of the prostate

Stamatelatou, Angeliki, Rizzo, Rudy, Simsek, Kadir, van Asten, Jack J. A., Heerschap, Arend, Scheenen, Tom and Kreis, Roland 2024. Diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy of the prostate. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 10.1002/mrm.30141

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Abstract

Purpose: Prostate tissue has a complex microstructure, mainly composed of epithelial and stromal cells, and of extracellular (acinar‐luminal) spaces. Diffusion‐weighted MR spectroscopy (DW‐MRS) is ideally suited to explore complex microstructure in vivo with metabolites selectively distributed in different subspaces. To date, this technique has been applied to brain and muscle. This study presents the development and pioneering utilization of 1H‐DW‐MRS in the prostate, accompanied by in vitro studies to support interpretations of in vivo findings. Methods: Nine healthy volunteers underwent a prostate MR examination (mean age, 56 years; range, 31–66). Metabolic complexation was studied in vitro using solutions with major compounds found in prostatic fluid of the lumen. DW‐MRS was performed at 3 T with a non–water‐suppressed single‐voxel sequence with metabolite‐cycling to concurrently measure metabolite and water signals. The water signal was used in postprocessing as a reference in a motion‐compensation scheme. The spectra were fitted simultaneously in the spectral and diffusion‐weighting dimensions. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were derived by fitting signal decays that were assumed to be mono‐exponential for metabolites and biexponential for water. Results: DW‐MRS of the prostate revealed relatively low ADCs for Cho and Cr compounds, aligning with their intracellular location and higher ADCs for citrate and spermine supporting their luminal origin. In vitro assessments of the ADCs of citrate and spermine demonstrated their complex formation and protein binding. Tissue concentrations of MRS‐detectable metabolites were as expected for the voxel location. Conclusions: This work successfully demonstrates the feasibility of 1H‐DW‐MRS of the prostate and its potential for providing valuable microstructural information.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0740-3194
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	23 May 2024
Date of Acceptance:	17 April 2024
Last Modified:	23 May 2024 13:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/169120

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