Madley-Dowd, Paul, Thomas, Richard, Boyd, Andy, Zammit, Stanley ![]() ![]() |
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Abstract
Background: Observational studies have described associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy with intellectual disability (ID) in the exposed offspring. Whether these results reflect a causal effect or unmeasured confounding is still unclear. Methods: Using a UK-based prospectively collected birth cohort (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) of 13,479 children born between 1991 and 1992, we assessed the relationship between maternal smoking at 18 weeks’ gestation and offspring risk of ID, ascertained through multiple sources of linked information including primary care diagnoses and education records. Using confounder-adjusted logistic regression, we performed observational analyses and a negative control analysis that compared maternal with partner smoking in pregnancy under the assumption that if a causal effect were to exist, maternal effect estimates would be of greater magnitude than estimates for partner smoking if the two exposures suffer from comparable biases. Results: In observational analysis, we found an adjusted odds ratio for ID of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.49–1.13) for any maternal smoking and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.71–1.33) per 10-cigarette increase in number of cigarettes smoked per day. In negative control analysis, comparable effect estimates were found for any partner smoking (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.63–1.40) and number of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.74–1.20). Conclusions: The results are not consistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID.
Item Type: | Article |
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Date Type: | Published Online |
Status: | Published |
Schools: | Medicine |
Additional Information: | A Corrigendum on Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring risk of intellectual disability: a UK-based cohort study By Madley-Dowd P, Thomas R, Boyd A, Zammit S, Heron J and Rai D (2024) Front. Psychiatry 15:1352077. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352077 In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement. Two Wellcome Trust grant numbers were incorrectly given as “092731” and “086118”. |
Publisher: | Frontiers Media |
ISSN: | 1664-0640 |
Related URLs: | |
Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 10 July 2024 |
Date of Acceptance: | 30 May 2024 |
Last Modified: | 19 Dec 2024 10:56 |
URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/170468 |
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