Thu Trang, Vu Thi, Van Nguyen, Thanh, Nguyen, Dang, Thao Le, Thi Thu, Choong Thum, Chern and White, James  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8371-8453
2026.
Cross-linguistic validation of the Levenson self-report psychopathy scale: A multinational study across 186 countries and 33 languages.
Personality and Individual Differences
257
, 113762.
10.1016/j.paid.2026.113762
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Abstract
The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) is widely used to assess psychopathy, characterized by egocentricity, callousness, and antisociality. However, limited translations into non-English languages have restricted its use in non-English-speaking populations. This study validated a multilingual LSRP across languages, examining its factor structure, measurement invariance, and providing a ready-to-use questionnaire. Data from a multinational COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy survey conducted between September and December 2023 were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed the factor structure and invariance across 33 translated languages. EFA of 102,407 valid responses across 186 countries confirmed three factors: Egocentricity, Callousness, and Antisociality. The optimal SEM with 18 items showed strong fit (CFI = 0.966, TLI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.046). Participants were grouped as Low LSRP (27.66%), Mixed LSRP (32.23%), and High LSRP (40.11%). SEM revealed a negative association between Callousness and Antisociality, whereas Egocentricity was negatively associated with Callousness and positively associated with Antisociality. In the High LSRP group, Egocentricity had a biphasic link with Antisociality—negative at low scores, positive at high scores. The model demonstrated robust fit across all languages with more than 100 responses. These findings support the cross-cultural validity and invariance of the LSRP.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Publication |
| Status: | Published |
| Schools: | Schools > Medicine |
| Additional Information: | RRS policy applied. For full list of authors please see: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2026.113762 |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0191-8869 |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 8 April 2026 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 3 March 2026 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Apr 2026 09:00 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186236 |
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