Exploring blockchain interoperability: frameworks, use cases, and future challenges

Wilson, Stanly, Adu-Duodu, Kwabena, Li, Yinhao, Solaiman, Ellis, Rana, Omer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2646 and Ranjan, Rajiv 2026. Exploring blockchain interoperability: frameworks, use cases, and future challenges. Systems 14 (4) , 388. 10.3390/systems14040388

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Abstract

Blockchain adoption across industries has led to the emergence of multiple independent blockchain platforms, creating challenges for cross-chain data exchange and system interoperability. This paper addresses this challenge by examining interoperability frameworks that enable communication between heterogeneous blockchain networks. We adopt a platform-oriented analysis to study widely used blockchain ecosystems, focusing on the mechanisms they employ for cross-chain communication and asset transfer. To demonstrate practical applicability, we present a conceptual supply chain scenario that illustrates how interoperable architectures enable interactions among multiple blockchain entities. Finally, we identify key open research challenges, including data management, cross-chain query processing, privacy, governance, scalability, and protocol standardisation. The findings highlight both the capabilities and limitations of existing interoperability solutions and outline directions for future research.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Computer Science & Informatics
Publisher:	MDPI
ISSN:	2079-8954
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	13 April 2026
Date of Acceptance:	1 April 2026
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 23:46
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186335

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