Update to the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women aged 16 years and older

Sanyaolu, Leigh ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-6986, Ahmed, Haroon ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-8548, Santer, Miriam, Jones, Sian and Hayward, Gail 2026. Update to the management of recurrent urinary tract infections in women aged 16 years and older. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin 10.1136/dtb.2025.000042

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Abstract

Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs) are a burdensome condition affecting approximately 6% or 1.7 million women in the UK. UTIs are also a common reason for antibiotic use, with UK data demonstrating that they are the second most common reason for antibiotic prescribing after respiratory tract infections. UTIs also result in significant healthcare costs, with hospital admissions alone estimated to have cost the National Health Service in England over £600 million from 2023 to 2024. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the management of rUTIs, focusing on the updated 2024 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance, which recommends a stepwise approach starting with behavioural measures, then progressing to non-antibiotic and finally antibiotic prevention. It also compares the guidance with international recommendations and outlines the current evidence on pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches and treatment options, including behavioural measures, non-antibiotic interventions (eg, vaginal oestrogen and methenamine hippurate) and antibiotic prophylaxis. Key challenges in primary care are discussed, such as diagnostic uncertainty, patient dissatisfaction and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Emerging research in point-of-care testing, the urinary microbiome and novel therapies is also highlighted. This review aims to support safe prescribing, improve patient satisfaction and mitigate AMR by promoting antimicrobial and diagnostic stewardship in the management of rUTIs.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	BMJ Publishing Group
ISSN:	0012-6543
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	29 April 2026
Date of Acceptance:	24 March 2026
Last Modified:	29 Apr 2026 10:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186698

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