Hate speech on Twitter: Profiling users and interaction analysis in the Spanish language

Ramiro-Lopez, Irene, Quijano-Sanchez, Lara and Liberatore, Federico ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-5108 2026. Hate speech on Twitter: Profiling users and interaction analysis in the Spanish language. Natural Language Processing Journal 32 (4) , pp. 470-517. 10.1017/nlp.2026.10024

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Abstract

Twitter is one of the most widely used social networks globally but is also notorious for harbouring significant levels of hate speech. This paradox has garnered the attention of companies and governments concerned about how digital hate can fragment communities and incite real-world violence. While extensive research has focused on detecting hate speech, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the actors involved, their characteristics, and their interactions within the online environment...

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Computer Science & Informatics
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	2949-7191
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 April 2026
Date of Acceptance:	20 March 2026
Last Modified:	25 Aug 2026 09:32
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186715

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