Zhang, Zheng, Bao, Yu-Qing, Yao, Shuai  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-7961 and Chen, Jia-Yi
2026.
Optimization strategy for an ice storage air-conditioning system considering multi-mode switching and COP variation.
Energy
355
, 141169.
10.1016/j.energy.2026.141169
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Abstract
As an important demand response (DR) resource, ice storage air-conditioning (ISAC) systems offer distinct advantages in peak shaving, valley filling, and renewable energy utilization. However, existing studies typically employ simplified modeling approaches, which overlook the multi-mode switching characteristics of ISAC systems and variations in the coefficient of performance (COP). To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an optimization strategy for an ISAC system considering COP variations and multi-mode switching. First, by constructing the mode switching logic model and the physical models of key components, a multi-mode switching model for the ISAC system is established. This model incorporates four operating modes: ice-making only mode, ice storage tank only cooling mode, chiller only cooling mode, and combined cooling mode, which effectively avoids physically inconsistent operations caused by mixed operating modes. Subsequently, a variable COP model is developed to capture the nonlinear relationship between electric power and cooling capacity, and it is approximated through a non-uniform piecewise linearization (PWL) approach. Based on this model, a scenario-based two-stage robust optimization strategy is developed to minimize the cost of microgrid under the multiple uncertainties, and solved using the Column-and-Constraint Generation (C&CG) algorithm. The testing examples demonstrate that the proposed optimization strategy effectively captures the multi-mode switching and COP variation characteristics of the ISAC system. It achieves a 15.8% reduction in optimal operating costs compared to the fundamental constant COP model, while achieving improved optimization performance under multiple uncertainties.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Publication |
| Status: | Published |
| Schools: | Schools > Engineering |
| Additional Information: | License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: Title: This article is under embargo with an end date yet to be finalised. RRS policy applied |
| Publisher: | Elsevier |
| ISSN: | 0360-5442 |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 6 May 2026 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 25 April 2026 |
| Last Modified: | 06 May 2026 10:00 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186794 |
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