Magnetic charge fingerprints in the spin-wave spectrum of three-dimensional artificial spin ice

Kumar, Chandan, Mondal, Amrit Kumar, Pal, Sreya, Mathur, Sayan, Scott, Jay R., van den Berg, Arjen, Adeyeye, Adekunle O., Ladak, Sam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-0927 and Barman, Anjan 2026. Magnetic charge fingerprints in the spin-wave spectrum of three-dimensional artificial spin ice. Nano Letters 26 (19) , pp. 6363-6369. 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6c00670

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Abstract

Three-dimensional artificial spin ice (3D-ASI) is a programmable nanoscale magnetic network showing emergent magnetic charge states with potential for reconfigurable dynamics. Here, we show that magnetic charge states in a 3D-ASI leave experimentally measurable charge-sensitive spectral signatures in the spin-wave spectrum, enabling charge-state readout via magnonics. Using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy supported by micromagnetic simulations, we demonstrate that charged and charge-neutral vertices produce qualitatively distinct spin-wave spectra in a purely three-dimensional lattice. Spatially resolved mode analysis reveals that magnetic charges selectively control spin-wave localization and quantization, establishing a direct link between vertex microstate and dynamic response. We further demonstrate that configurational anisotropy inherent to the 3D architecture allows spin-wave reconfiguration by varying the orientation of an applied field. These results position spin-wave spectroscopy as a dynamic, noninvasive probe of magnetic charge states and open pathways to reprogrammable, low-power 3D magnonic and neuromorphic devices.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	1530-6984
Funders:	EPSRC
Projects:	EP/X012735/1, UKRI1255
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	11 May 2026
Date of Acceptance:	24 April 2026
Last Modified:	17 Aug 2026 13:41
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/186928

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