All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Abac, A.G., Abouelfettouh, I., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adamcewicz, C., Al-Shammari, Sama, Bergamin, Fabio, Divyajyoti, D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-1012, Dooley, Katherine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-0233, Fairhurst, Stephen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8480-1961, Gottel, Alexandre ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-4641, Grote, Hartmut ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-3943, Hannam, Mark ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-325X, Higginbotham, Samuel, Javed, Wasim ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1471-7890, Kinnear, Meryl, Kokeyama, Keiko ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-1992, Kuntimaddi, Nikitha, MacLeod, Duncan ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-8694, Norman, Michael, North, Christopher, Nuttall, Laura ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-8791, Pannarale, G.F. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-3210, Patra, Abhinav, Patterson, Ben, Pearce, Terri, Raymond, Vivien ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-0095, Riley, Huw, Sathyaprakash, Bangalore ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-7586, Schutz, Bernard ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9487-6983, Skliris, Vasileios, Sutton, Patrick ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1614-3922, Tanioka, Satoshi and Tsang, Terrence 2026. All-sky search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients in the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run. Physical Review D 113 (8) , 082004. 10.1103/83j3-pgk1

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Abstract

We present an all-sky search for long-duration gravitational waves (GWs) from the first part of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run (O4), called O4a and comprising data taken between May 24, 2023, and January 16, 2024. The GW signals targeted by this search are the so-called “long-duration” ( ≳ 1 s ) transients expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including nonaxisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary coalescences. We make minimal assumptions on the emitted GW waveforms in terms of morphologies and durations. Overall, our search targets signals with durations of ∼ 1 – 1000 s and frequency content in the range 16–2048 Hz. In the absence of significant detections, we report the sensitivity limits of our search in terms of root-sum-square signal amplitude ( h rss ) of reference waveforms. These limits improve upon the results from the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run (O3) by about 30% on average. Moreover, this analysis demonstrates substantial progress in our ability to search for long-duration GW signals owing to enhancements in pipeline detection efficiencies. As detector sensitivities continue to advance and observational runs grow longer, unmodeled long-duration searches will increasingly be able to explore a range of compelling astrophysical scenarios involving neutron stars and black holes.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Publisher:	American Physical Society
ISSN:	2470-0010
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	14 May 2026
Date of Acceptance:	9 December 2025
Last Modified:	07 Aug 2026 22:31
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187007

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