Prolactinomas: Clinical manifestations and therapy

Rees, Seren Eleri and Rees, Dafydd A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-9092 2026. Prolactinomas: Clinical manifestations and therapy. Huhtaniemi, Ilpo, ed. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases (Third Edition), Vol. 2 Academic Press, pp. 404-413. (10.1016/B978-0-443-13825-6.00003-0)

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Abstract

Prolactinomas present with symptoms and signs from hyperprolactinemia (galactorrhea, hypogonadism) and/or local mass effects (headaches, visual field defects, ophthalmoplegia, hypopituitarism). Dopamine agonists form the mainstay of therapy because they are well tolerated and highly effective in normalizing prolactin levels, improving symptoms and reducing tumor size. Transsphenoidal surgery is usually reserved for patients who are resistant to, or intolerant of dopamine agonists but may also be considered in selected patients with a high chance of surgical remission. Cabergoline and bromocriptine are effective in restoring fertility in women seeking pregnancy, and appear to be safe with respect to fetal outcomes. The risk of tumor expansion in pregnancy depends on size and prior treatment; tumors which expand usually respond to recommencement of dopamine agonists.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	Academic Press
ISBN:	9780443138256
Last Modified:	17 Jun 2026 14:25
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187603

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