Ancillary services from HVDC offshore wind farms and protection

Liang, Jun ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-449X, Khalid, Junaid, Uddin, Muhammad Helal and Wang, Sheng ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2258-2633 2026. Ancillary services from HVDC offshore wind farms and protection. Hashmi, M.S.J., ed. Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, Elsevier, (10.1016/B978-0-443-29210-1.00086-8)

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Abstract

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are an increasingly important contributor to power systems decarbonisation, but their large-scale integration via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system impacts how grids procure and deliver ancillary services and how they are protected. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the ancillary services that HVDC-connected OWFs can provide such as frequency regulation, voltage support, black start, synthetic inertia, energy storage-enabled services, and the technological solutions that make them feasible. It explores protection requirements particularly for HVDC networks and also highlights the operational and regulatory factors that enable the delivery of these services, emphasising the role of modern control systems and power electronics. The chapter also considers the broader context of policies, market mechanisms, and stakeholder collaboration that support reliable offshore wind integration, and concludes by identifying key challenges and future opportunities for enhancing ancillary service capability and system protection, contributing to a more resilient power grid.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
Last Modified:	29 Jun 2026 09:29
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187605

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