Protecting the marine environment in Kuwait: A critical analysis of international and national regulatory and criminal law perspectives

Alajmi, Abeer 2026. Protecting the marine environment in Kuwait: A critical analysis of international and national regulatory and criminal law perspectives. PhD Thesis, Cardiff Univeristy. Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

This thesis investigates the protection of the marine environment in Kuwait through the framework of the Environmental Protection Law No. 42 of 2014, as amended by Law No. 99 of 2015, from both international and national regulatory and criminal law perspectives. It examines the effectiveness of existing legal mechanisms and proposes reforms to strengthen environmental governance and enforcement. The study adopts a comparative approach, analysing Kuwait’s legal framework alongside that of Malta, an EU Member State whose marine environmental policies are shaped by harmonised European Union instruments. This comparison highlights significant differences in legislative coherence, enforcement mechanisms, and institutional capacity. The research demonstrates the reveal disparities in the prioritisation and implementation of environmental laws across jurisdictions, particularly regarding monitoring, funding, and enforcement effectiveness. The thesis identifies key gaps in Kuwait’s legal and institutional framework, including issues related to regulatory fragmentation, limited community awareness, and risks of administrative misuse.

Item Type:	Thesis (PhD)
Date Type:	Completion
Status:	Unpublished
Schools:	Schools > Law
Subjects:	K Law > KZ Law of Nations
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kuwait, Malta, environmental law, European Union directives, marine environment, biodiversity conservation, sustainable development, environmental governance, ecosystem protection, environmental Liability.
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 July 2026
Last Modified:	02 Jul 2026 14:40
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187871

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