Novel imaging approaches for visualising root-mycorrhizal fungal interactions

Birt, Henry W. G., Paisey, Stephen J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2274-3708, Möhl, Patrick, Hind, Jasmine, Xu, Jiaqi, Pickett, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-3770, Tredwell, Matthew ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-5611 and Johnson, David 2026. Novel imaging approaches for visualising root-mycorrhizal fungal interactions. Journal of Experimental Botany 77 (15) , pp. 4829-4846. 10.1093/jxb/erag309

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Abstract

Mycorrhizal fungi form essential symbiotic relationships with plant roots, facilitating nutrient exchange and promoting plant health. Understanding their interactions can benefit from advanced imaging techniques capable of visualising nutrient exchange and structural colonisation at subcellular resolutions across large sample sizes. This review explores novel imaging approaches that are revolutionising our understanding of root-mycorrhizal fungal symbioses. Several techniques can now visualise and characterise mycorrhizal fungi and associated root structures non-destructively and in three dimensions, for example, X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Metabolic processes and nutrient exchange can be tracked through positron emission tomography (PET), fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs), and the monitoring of electrical signalling. AI-powered image processing software is enabling high-throughput analysis of complex images generated from a range of sources. Mycorrhiza systems are also able to be tracked in-field at multiple scales: hyperspectral imaging can detect mycorrhizal associations at the kilometre scale, while portable MRI imagers can detect changes at the tissue scale. These converging technologies enable the direct, continuous measurement of structural and metabolic root-mycorrhizal fungi interactions, paving the way for a mechanistic understanding of these vital symbiotic partnerships and their impact on plant health and ecosystem functioning.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Chemistry Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
ISSN:	0022-0957
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	2 September 2026
Date of Acceptance:	13 May 2026
Last Modified:	02 Sep 2026 12:53
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/187934

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