Hydrogen electrolyzers as a source of flexibility to power systems

Ebrahimi, Masood and Qadrdan, Meysam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-2933 2026. Hydrogen electrolyzers as a source of flexibility to power systems. Flexibility-Oriented Operation of Integrated Power and Gas Networks and Low-Carbon Technologies Under Clean Energy Transition, Elsevier, pp. 351-394. (10.1016/B978-0-443-44526-2.00001-2)

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Abstract

This chapter extensively explores strategies and technologies enhancing the flexibility of renewable energy-based power systems, focusing on the potential of electrolyzers. It reviews the startup/shut down and operational characteristics, efficiency, degradation behavior, and economic considerations of major electrolyzer technologies, including proton exchange membrane (PEME), alkaline (AE), anion exchange membrane, and solid oxide electrolyzers. PEME emerges as the most flexible option for integration with variable power generation systems, excelling in startup times, load variability, and dynamic operation, although it faces challenges such as degradation under dynamic loads and partial operation. The potential of electrolytic hydrogen as a medium for energy storage and conversion is emphasized, with pathways such as power-to-hydrogen and power-to-methane analyzed. Various challenges, including thermal/pressure management, startup complexities, safety considerations regarding hydrogen crossover, and interactions with fluctuating power inputs, are discussed. Finally, economic and policy aspects are explored, highlighting the urgent need for financial incentives, research funding, and international cooperation to reduce the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) and facilitate the transition toward net-zero emissions using green hydrogen innovations.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISBN:	9780443445262
Last Modified:	10 Jul 2026 10:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/188035

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