Enhancing partial discharge diagnostics in C4F7N-mixture, CO2 and technical air: a simultaneous measurement approach

Ullah, Rahmat, Reid, Alistair ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-9007, Haddad, Manu ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4153-6146, Taddei, Peter and Barnett, Matthew 2026. Enhancing partial discharge diagnostics in C4F7N-mixture, CO2 and technical air: a simultaneous measurement approach. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 10.1109/tdei.2026.3741475

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Abstract

Globally, efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by phasing out SF₆ are increasing, making it critical to identify environmentally friendly alternatives with comparable partial discharge performance. This paper investigates the partial discharge performance of potential alternative gases such as technical air, CO2 and C4 F7N mixture (C4F7N (5%) + O2 (13%) + CO2 (82%)) by using a simultaneous measurement approach. Simultaneous acquisition of partial discharge signals using both the conventional apparent charge method and the more advanced radio frequency (RF) technique, which captures the radiated electromagnetic energy, enables a more comprehensive characterization of the partial discharge source and its underlying physical behavior. Three types of defects are tested: needle-plane, free metallic sphere and surface discharge configurations. A correlation algorithm specifically built for analysis of simultaneously acquired data. Plotting the apparent charge (in pC) against the RF signal energy (in pJ) for many PD pulses allows the quantification of the relationship between the two measurement techniques for each specific test configuration. Distinctive correlation patterns emerged for different PD defect types, providing valuable insights for effective defect classification. The pJ/pC levels are approximated by using correlation gradient analysis. This approach enables approximate estimation of apparent charge in systems with only UHF sensors, supporting the development of standardized severity thresholds for UHF signals as their use becomes more widespread.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISSN:	1070-9878
Last Modified:	12 Oct 2026 12:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/190157

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