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Alemtuzumab in the treatment of IVIG-dependent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Marsh, Eleanor A., Hirst, Claire Louise, Llewelyn, John Gareth, Cossburn, Mark D., Reilly, M. M., Krishnan, A., Doran, M., Ryan, A. M., Coles, A. J., Jones, J. L. and Robertson, Neil ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-4909 2010. Alemtuzumab in the treatment of IVIG-dependent chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Journal of Neurology 257 (6) , pp. 913-919. 10.1007/s00415-009-5437-3

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Abstract

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an idiopathic immune mediated neuropathy causing demyelination and conduction block thought to occur as the result of an aberrant autoimmune response resulting in peripheral nerve inflammation mediated by T cells and humoral factors. Diagnosis commonly prompts initial treatment with steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on which 5–35% subsequently become dependent to maintain function. Despite a number of small scale trials, the role for alternative long-term immunosuppression remains unclear. Alemtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody targeting the CD52 antigen present on the surface of lymphocytes and monocytes. A single intravenous infusion results in rapid and profound lymphopoenia lasting >12 months. We report its use and clinical outcome in a small series of patients with severe IVIG-dependent CIDP. Seven patients (4 Males; 3 Females) who had failed to respond to conventional immunosuppression were treated in 5 centres receiving 9 courses of alemtuzumab (dose range 60–150 mg). Following treatment, mean monthly IVIG use fell 26% from 202 to 149 g and IVIG administration frequency from 22 to 136 days. Two patients had prolonged remission, two patients had a partial response and no clear benefit was observed in the remaining three patients (2 Males, 1 Females). Responding patients had a younger age at onset (19.5 years) and shorter disease duration than non-responders. Three patients developed autoimmune disease following treatment. Alemtuzumab may offer an alternative treatment for a subset of early onset IVIG dependent CIDP patients failing conventional immunosuppressive agents, but concerns about toxicity may limit its use.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Medicine
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Uncontrolled Keywords: alemtuzumab, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, treatment
Publisher: Springer
ISSN: 0340-5354
Last Modified: 05 Nov 2022 15:26
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/23186

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