Measuring the impact of spatial network layout on community social cohesion: a cross-sectional study

Cooper, Crispin H. V. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-3388, Fone, David L. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-4881 and Chiaradia, Alain J. F. 2014. Measuring the impact of spatial network layout on community social cohesion: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health Geographics 13 , 11. 10.1186/1476-072X-13-11

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Abstract

Background: There is now a substantial body of research suggesting that social cohesion, a collective characteristic measured by the levels of trust, reciprocity and formation of strong social bonds within communities, is an important factor in determining health. Of particular interest is the extent to which factors in the built environment facilitate, or impede, the development of social bonds. Severance is a characteristic of physical environments which is hypothesized to inhibit cohesion. In the current study we test a number of characteristics of spatial networks which could be hypothesized to relate either to severance, or directly to community cohesion. Particular focus is given to our most promising variable for further analysis (Convex Hull Maximum Radius 600 m). Methods: In the current study we analysed social cohesion as measured at Enumeration District level, aggregated from a survey of 10,892 individuals aged 18 to 74 years in the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Cohort Study, 2001. In a data mining process we test 16 network variables on multiple scales. The variable showing the most promise is validated in a test on an independent data set. We then conduct a multivariate regression also including Townsend deprivation scores and urban/rural status as predictor variables for social cohesion. Results: We find convex hull maximum radius at a 600 m scale to have a small but highly significant correlation with social cohesion on both data sets. Deprivation has a stronger effect. Splitting the analysis by tertile of deprivation, we find that the effect of severance as measured by this variable is strongest in the most deprived areas. A range of spatial scales are tested, with the strongest effects being observed at scales that match typical walking distances. Conclusion: We conclude that physical connectivity as measured in this paper has a significant effect on social cohesion, and that our measure is unlikely to proxy either deprivation or the urban/rural status of communities. Possible mechanisms for the effect include intrinsic navigability of areas, and the existence of a focal route on which people can meet on foot. Further investigation may lead to much stronger predictive models of social cohesion.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Geography and Planning (GEOPL) Medicine Sustainable Places Research Institute (PLACES)
Additional Information:	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
Publisher:	BioMed Central
ISSN:	1476-072X
Funders:	Wales Office of Research and Development, Welsh Assembly Government / Medical Research Council Health Research Partnership Award, National Institute for Social Care and Health Research Welsh Assembly Government Translational Health Research Platform Award
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Date of Acceptance:	31 March 2014
Last Modified:	11 May 2023 19:43
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/61912

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