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Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders

Lewis, Sarah J., Relton, Caroline, Zammit, Stanley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-9211 and Smith, George Davey 2013. Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54 (10) , pp. 1095-108. 10.1111/jcpp.12127

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The risk of childhood behavioural and psychiatric diseases could be substantially reduced if modifiable risk factors for these disorders were identified. The critical period for many of these exposures is likely to be in utero as this is the time when brain development is most rapid. However, due to confounding and other limitations of traditional epidemiological studies, identification of causal risk factors has proved challenging and on the whole research in this area has not been fruitful. SCOPE: In this review, we highlight several alternative approaches including; comparisons across settings, the use of negative controls and natural experiments, which includes migration studies, studies of individuals conceived using in vitro fertilisation and not least Mendelian randomisation. We have illustrated these approaches using examples of behavioural and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION: By having these approaches outlined together in one review, researchers can consider which of these methods would be most suitable for their study question. We have particularly focussed on Mendelian randomisation, as this is a relatively novel concept, in doing so, we have illustrated the concept and discussed the implementation and the limitations of this approach.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG)
Medicine
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN: 0021-9630
Last Modified: 28 Oct 2022 10:05
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/76684

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